![]() ![]() The fixed costs are the costs of having a given production capacity. Variable Costs Fixed costs Fixed cost are defined as those which do not vary with the level of output.5 Fixed costs are the costs that do not increase and decrease with the size of the production. (Corporate Governance and International Business) In order to consider the way in which the various aspects of risk affect an organisation and its behaviour in relation to sustainability. A Typology of risk There are a variety of pressures acting upon organisations in terms of risk to which they are subject, and these can be viewed as representing different dimensions of risk.Let's see how this would change the breakeven point: Break-Even Point in Sales = Total Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin Ratio. Changing Variable Costs In recruiting the new sales manager, Leyland became interested in an aggressive individual who was willing to take the post on a "4% of sales" commission-only basis.(Cost Analysis: Managerial and Cost Accounting) Assume that Go Sound produces portable digital. For example, direct material, direct labor, sales commissions, fuel cost for a trucking company, and so on, may be expected to increase with each additional unit of output. Variable Costs Variable costs will vary in direct proportion to changes in the level of an activity. ![]() All these (individual and collective) actors with their own interests, perceptions, resources, and strategies as well the specific conditions under which they interact, influence the trajectory of the pacification process. Tribal zones also differ in regard to their size and the spatial distribution of state, private and tribal actors, and in regard to the distance to the centre of state power (accessibility) and its attractiveness to private actors. On the side of the tribal actors, there are numerous politically autonomous local groups with their leaders that exist in a regional balance of power, with differing intensities of enmity and alliance. As we have seen, processes of pacification can differ according to two sets of variables, which are crucial for understanding these processes in the tribal zone: actors and strategies.įirst, we have distinguished different state actors (such as soldiers and policemen, district officers and co-opted indigenous chiefs), para-state actors (such as auxiliary troops and military allies, but sometimes also missionaries) and private actors (such as settlers, entrepreneurs and traders, plantation owners, prospectors and slave raiders). ![]()
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