![]() ![]() found that fortification of orange juice with VD2 or VD3 is as effective as an oral supplement in maintaining vitamin D status. ![]() reported that ingestion of orange juice fortified with 1000 IU of VD3 for 12 weeks can increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations by up to 150% in adults, and Biancuzzo et al. observed that a multinutrient-fortified juice improved the vitamin D status in children Tangpricha et al. showed that fortified milk (200 mL) with 100 IU VD3 increased the 25(OH)D serum levels of children aged 10 to 12 years. reported that 200 mL of milk fortified with 600 IU (15 μg) or 1000 IU (25 μg) of VD3 is effective in improving the 25(OH)D serum levels in children aged 10 to 14 years. incorporated VD3 in casein micelles and observed a high bioavailability of 1% fat milk fortified with 50,000 IU of VD3 in 87 human volunteers. However, intervention studies have been conducted indicating that vitamin D-fortified milk and orange juices have good bioavailability in humans. Studies of the bioaccessibility of vitamin D fortification in beverages are still scarce and not well elucidated. Several parameters, namely pH, ionic strength, and heat treatments, can potentially affect these delivery systems, being essential to test their stability during food processing. Other microencapsulation techniques with great potential in the design of vitamin D-fortified beverages include micro/nanoemulsions, spray drying, nanostructured lipid carriers, liposomes, and polymer complexation. Spray-drying and coacervation are the two usual methods for microencapsulation of vitamin D in beverage products. However, although many of the microencapsulation systems developed for vitamin D delivery look promising, so far, applications have not been found at the industrial level. Some advantages include: (i) higher solubility barrier between vitamin D and the food matrix (ii) better homogeneity in the dispersion (iii) higher bioavailability of vitamin D though the controlled and targeted release of the encapsulated vitamin and (iv) improved physiochemical (e.g., moisture, oxidation, pH, temperature, mechanical) and organoleptic characteristics (e.g., appearance, taste, quality of food matrix) of the final products. Vitamin D microencapsulation has been widely used in the preparation of fortified beverages and offers several advantages in comparison to the direct addition and emulsification approaches ( Figure 2). If the particle sizes (PS) of capsules are about 1–5000 μm, they are called microcapsules colloidal-sized particles with diameters ranging from 10 to 1000 nm are referred as nanocapsules. Nanocellulose increased the shear viscosity, while TiO 2 particles increased the whiteness of fortified milksĮncapsulation is the technique of producing capsules via insulation of a bioactive core material in a homogeneous or heterogeneous coating matrix. No loss of VD3 during 7 days of storage at 4 ☌īioaccessibility (~20%) of VD3 loaded in VD3-nanocellulose or TiO 2 No loss of VD3 during 30 days of storage at 4 ☌.ġ000 IU VD3 or VD2/240 mL orange juice orīioavailable in orange juice and capsules Higher viscosity after 24 h of fermentation The highest level of VD3 was found after 6 h of Pasteurization at 72 ☌ for 15 s and cooling to 25 ☌įermentation tested: 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h No significant changes in composition and sensory Higher stability during storage at −20 ☌,Ĭonditions of temperature and humidity, pH, and ionic strength ![]() (63 ☌/30 min), boiling and sterilization (121 ☌ for 15 min at 15 psi) VD2-protein complexes (NaCas-VD, SNaCas-VD, RNaCas-VD and RSNaCas-VD) UHT (138 ☌ for 2 s) and storage at 4 ☌ for 21, 42 and 60 days HTST (73 ☌ for 15 s) and storage at 4 ☌ for 21, 42 and 60 days Fortification approaches of vitamin D in different types of beverages. Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Quick Reference Guide. ![]() Notes & Disclaimers for Key Benefits (Healthcare Professionals) Ask your health care provider if IMPACT Advanced Recovery® Drink is right for you. IMPACT® formulas have been studied in dozens of clinical trials and thousands of patients, and have been shown to help promote better outcomes in patients undergoing major surgery. IMPACT ADVANCED RECOVERY® Drink is a unique beverage specially formulated to support the body’s immune system after major surgery. ![]()
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